BEIJING--A preliminary measure of Chinese factory output in September
was the lowest since the financial crisis, adding to a parade of weak
data that is increasingly eroding hopes that China's slowdown would
stabilize in the second half.
Chinese stock markets fell on the
news, which follows weak readings in August for fixed-asset investment,
industrial production and exports as Beijing struggles to meet its
growth target of about 7% this year, the slowest pace in 25 years.
"New
export orders have really collapsed. It means global trade is facing
headwinds, and even China can't escape that," said HSBC economist
Frederic Neumann. "It's not so bad that we need to hit the alarm button,
but the decline in the economy is evident."
The
preliminary Caixin China Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index, a
gauge of nationwide manufacturing activity, fell to 47.0 in September,
compared with a final reading of 47.3 in August, Caixin Media Co. and
research firm Markit said Wednesday. The reading was the lowest since
March 2009, when China was grappling with the global financial crisis.
A reading above 50 indicates expansion from the previous month, while one below 50 indicates contraction.
The Shanghai Composite Index was down around 2% in midday trading.
China
has announced a flurry of infrastructure plans in recent months,
browbeaten local officials to spend their full budgets and tried to ease
funding constraints for highway, rail and other projects. The
infrastructure subindex of fixed-asset investment data in August grew
19.9% year-over-year in August compared with 16.4% in July.
But
this hasn't been enough to counteract a sharp and protracted fall in
real-estate investment. And local-government spending remains weak given
Beijing's effort to contain shadow banking and fight corruption.
"The
situation is definitely worsening in September," said Zhang Yiping, an
economist with China Merchants Securities. "China's economy is facing
more downward pressure now."
Subindexes for output, new orders,
new export orders, employment, prices and inventory in the Caixin data
all weakened, suggesting that companies covered by the survey are
struggling across the board. "The corporate sector is pretty pessimistic
on the outlook for future demand," said HSBC economist Ma Xiaoping.
"All those government ministers are tasked to do what they can to try
and revive the economy, but all those measures are not very effective,"
she added.
Retail spending, however, has remained strong, growing
by a better-than-expected 10.8% in August from a year earlier compared
with July's 10.5%.
The weak outlook for the nation's factories
puts more pressure on the government to step up fiscal and monetary
stimulus between now and the end of the year to reach its target.
Economists said China has more leeway to reduce interest rates given
that the U.S. Federal Reserve held off on an anticipated rate increase.
And it will likely cut required bank reserves to stem an outflow of
capital seeking higher returns abroad.
"I think they still have
plenty of room to ease monetary policy," said BBVA Research economist
Xia Le. "I think we'll see it stabilize in the fourth quarter."